Saudi Arabia Spends Billions on its Military. Why Can't it Stop Deadly Attacks by Iran's Houthi Allies?

TL;DR

Houthi attacks have inflicted severe losses on Saudi Arabia, striking energy infrastructure and civilian airports.
Saudi Arabia's large defense budget has not prevented successful Houthi attacks, raising questions about its air defense effectiveness.
Geographical vulnerability, with threats from Iran and Iran-backed militias to the east and north, and the Houthis to the south and west, complicates defense.
A global shortage of interceptors, particularly for the U.S.-made Patriot system, limits Saudi Arabia's ability to counter attacks.
The Houthis employ evolving tactics, including launching cheap drones in swarms to distract and exhaust air defenses before missile attacks.
Saudi Arabia is seeking air defense support from multiple international partners, but interoperability of different systems poses a challenge.
The kingdom's military structure and culture may also impact its readiness and effectiveness in defending against determined adversaries.

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